Dissertation - Comparative Literature bibliographies - in Harvard style

In-text: (Altheide, 2009)

Your Bibliography: Altheide, D., 2009. Moral panic: From sociological concept to public discourse. Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal, 5(1), pp.79-99.

In-text: (Amnesty International, 2018)

Your Bibliography: Amnesty International, 2018. TRAPPED IN THE MATRIX Secrecy, stigma, and bias in the Met’s Gangs Database. [ebook] Available at: <https://www.amnesty.org.uk/files/2018-05/Inside%20the%20matrix.pdf?VtHJ_NawP4favLWa0mjswpaSStRrPneB=> [Accessed 1 May 2019].

In-text: (Antrobus, 2009)

Your Bibliography: Antrobus, S., 2009. Dying to belong. London: Centre for Social Justice.

In-text: (Baker, 2018)

Your Bibliography: Baker, N., 2018. Map reveals territories of London's 200+ gangs - see who controls YOUR streets. [online] The Sun. Available at: <https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/7201715/map-london-gangs-territories/> [Accessed 18 April 2019].

In-text: (Barrows and Huff, 2009)

Your Bibliography: Barrows, J. and Huff, C., 2009. Gangs and public policy. Criminology & Public Policy, 8(4), pp.675-703.

In-text: (Stephen Lawrence murder: A timeline, 2018)

Your Bibliography: BBC News. 2018. Stephen Lawrence murder: A timeline. [online] Available at: <https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-26465916> [Accessed 7 May 2019].

In-text: (How have police attitudes to race changed?, 2019)

Your Bibliography: BBC News. 2019. How have police attitudes to race changed?. [online] Available at: <https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-47161480> [Accessed 7 May 2019].

In-text: (BBC, 2019)

Your Bibliography: BBC, 2019. Knife crime: Fatal stabbings at highest level since records began in 1946. [online] Available at: <https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-47156957> [Accessed 4 May 2019].

In-text: (Ben Leapman, 2008)

Your Bibliography: Ben Leapman, H., 2008. Violent youth crime up a third. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1576076/violent-youth-crime-up-a-third.html> [Accessed 29 April 2019].

In-text: (Bennett and Holloway, 2004)

Your Bibliography: Bennett, T. and Holloway, K., 2004. Gang Membership, Drugs and Crime in the UK. British Journal of Criminology, 44(3), pp.305-323.

In-text: (Berger, 2012)

Your Bibliography: Berger, A., 2012. Media and Society: A Critical Perspective. 3rd ed. Plymouth UK: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.

In-text: (Bullock and Tilley, 2002)

Your Bibliography: Bullock, K. and Tilley, N., 2002. Shootings, gangs and violent incidents in Manchester. London: Policing and Reducing Crime Unit, Home Office.

In-text: (Carson, Esbensen and Melde, 2016)

Your Bibliography: Carson, D., Esbensen, F. and Melde, C., 2016. Gang Membership and Involvement in Violence among US Adolescents: A Test of Construct Validity. pp.Chapter 2 Page 2.

In-text: (Chen, 2017)

Your Bibliography: Chen, J., 2017. What is the importance of mass media?. [online] Available at: <https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-importance-of-mass-media> [Accessed 27 April 2019].

In-text: (Cohen, 1972)

Your Bibliography: Cohen, S., 1972. Folk devils and moral panics. Great Britain: MacGibbon and Kee Ltd.

In-text: (Coleman, 2019)

Your Bibliography: Coleman, S., 2019. What Is Mass Media? - Definition, Types, Influence & Examples - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com. [online] Study.com. Available at: <https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-mass-media-definition-types-influence-examples.html> [Accessed 27 April 2019].

In-text: (Mass media definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary, 2019)

Your Bibliography: Collinsdictionary.com. 2019. Mass media definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary. [online] Available at: <https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/mass-media> [Accessed 27 April 2019].

In-text: (Cox, 2011)

Your Bibliography: Cox, A., 2011. Youth Gangs in the UK: Myth or Reality?. [online] Available at: <https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/b93dd4_d72efaf3bfa1443790da3af0b563e8bf.pdf> [Accessed 28 March 2019].

In-text: (CSEW, 2017)

Your Bibliography: CSEW, 2017. Children aged 10 to 15 and adults aged 16 to 24 involved with gangs, year ending March 2017, Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) - Office for National Statistics. [online] Ons.gov.uk. Available at: <https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/adhocs/008451childrenaged10to15andadultsaged16to24involvedwithgangsyearendingmarch2017crimesurveyforenglandandwalescsew> [Accessed 23 April 2019].

In-text: (CSEW, 2019)

Your Bibliography: CSEW, 2019. The nature of violent crime in England and Wales: year ending March 2018. [ebook] Office for National Statistics. Available at: <https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/articles/thenatureofviolentcrimeinenglandandwales/yearendingmarch2018> [Accessed 29 April 2019].

In-text: (Curry and Decker, 2019)

Your Bibliography: Curry, G. and Decker, S., 2019. Gang | crime. [online] Encyclopedia Britannica. Available at: <https://www.britannica.com/topic/gang-crime> [Accessed 8 April 2019].

In-text: (Curry, Decker and Egley, 2002)

Your Bibliography: Curry, G., Decker, S. and Egley, A., 2002. Gang involvement and delinquency in a middle school population. Justice Quarterly, 19(2), pp.275-292.

In-text: (Daily Mail, 2018)

Your Bibliography: Daily Mail, 2018. Cressida Dick wants social media giants to remove Drill music videos. [online] Mail Online. Available at: <https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5744675/Met-Police-chief-Cressida-Dick-calls-social-media-giants-remove-Drill-music-videos.html> [Accessed 7 May 2019].

In-text: (Decker and Kempf-Leonard, 1991)

Your Bibliography: Decker, S. and Kempf-Leonard, K., 1991. Constructing Gangs: The Social Definition Of Youth Activities. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 5(4), pp.271-291.

In-text: (Decker and Kempf-Leonard, 1991)

Your Bibliography: Decker, S. and Kempf-Leonard, K., 1991. Constructing Gangs: The Social Definition Of Youth Activities. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 5(4), pp.271-291.

In-text: (Densley and Stevens, 2014)

Your Bibliography: Densley, J. and Stevens, A., 2014. ‘We’ll show you gang’: The subterranean structuration of gang life in London. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 15(1), pp.102-120.

In-text: (Densley, 2015)

Your Bibliography: Densley, J., 2015. Joining the Gang. The Handbook of Gangs, pp.235-256.

In-text: (Densley, 2018)

Your Bibliography: Densley, J., 2018. Gang Joining. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice,.

In-text: (Dunn, 1999)

Your Bibliography: Dunn, J., 1999. Los Angeles Crips and Bloods: Past and Present. [online] Web.stanford.edu. Available at: <https://web.stanford.edu/class/e297c/poverty_prejudice/gangcolor/lacrips.htm> [Accessed 8 April 2019].

In-text: (ERICSON, 1991)

Your Bibliography: ERICSON, R., 1991. MASS MEDIA, CRIME, LAW, AND JUSTICE. The British Journal of Criminology, 31(3), pp.219-249.

In-text: (Esbensen, Winfree, He and Taylor, 2001)

Your Bibliography: Esbensen, F., Winfree, L., He, N. and Taylor, T., 2001. Youth Gangs and Definitional Issues: When is a Gang a Gang, and Why Does it Matter?. Crime & Delinquency, 47(1), pp.105-130.

In-text: (Francis, 2018)

Your Bibliography: Francis, S., 2018. London gang crime down while violent offences increase. BBC, [online] Available at: <https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-45189359> [Accessed 3 May 2019].

In-text: (Fraser, 2017)

Your Bibliography: Fraser, A., 2017. Gangs & crime: Critical Alternatives. SAGE Publications Ltd.

In-text: (Gallupe and Gravel, 2017)

Your Bibliography: Gallupe, O. and Gravel, J., 2017. Social Network Position of Gang Members in Schools: Implications for Recruitment and Gang Prevention. Justice Quarterly, 35(3), pp.505-525.

In-text: (Gayle, 2018)

Your Bibliography: Gayle, D., 2018. Rise in proportion of BAME suspects on Met’s gangs matrix. The Guardian, [online] Available at: <https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/may/29/rise-in-proportion-bame-suspects-met-police-gangs-matrix> [Accessed 23 April 2019].

In-text: (Goode and Ben-Yehuda, 2009)

Your Bibliography: Goode, E. and Ben-Yehuda, N., 2009. Moral panics: the social construction of deviance. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.

In-text: (GOV.UK, 2013)

Your Bibliography: GOV.UK, 2013. Government Response to the Riots, Communities and Victims Panel’s final report. [online] .gov.uk. Available at: <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/211617/Govt_Response_to_the_Riots_-_Final_Report.pdf> [Accessed 7 May 2019].

In-text: (Grattan, 2009)

Your Bibliography: Grattan, A., 2009. Segregated Britain: a society in conflict with its 'radicalised' youth?. Youth and Policy 102, pp.35-52.

In-text: (Greer and Reiner, 2014)

Your Bibliography: Greer, C. and Reiner, R., 2014. Labelling, Media, Crime and Justice. n Bruinsma, G. and Weisburd, D. (eds.) The Encyclopaedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice,.

In-text: (Gunter, 2017)

Your Bibliography: Gunter, A., 2017. Race, gangs and youth violence: Policy, prevention and policing. UK: Policy Press.

In-text: (Haddock, 2011)

Your Bibliography: Haddock, E., 2011. PERCEPTIONS AND RISK FACTORS OF GANG ASSOCIATION IN A UK SAMPLE. [online] Available at: <https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/1499/5/Haddock11ForenPsyD.pdf> [Accessed 4 May 2019].

In-text: (Hall, 2012)

Your Bibliography: Hall, S., 2012. Theorizing crime & deviance. Los Angeles: SAGE, pp.132-139.

In-text: (Hallsworth and Young, 2004)

Your Bibliography: Hallsworth, S. and Young, T., 2004. Getting Real About Gangs. Criminal Justice Matters, 55(1), pp.12-13.

In-text: (Hallsworth and Young, 2008)

Your Bibliography: Hallsworth, S. and Young, T., 2008. Gang talk and gang talkers: A critique. Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal, 4(2), pp.175-195.

In-text: (Hesketh, 2015)

Your Bibliography: Hesketh, R., 2015. Deviancy Amplification in P. Taylor, K. Corteen and S. Morley (eds) Dictionary of Criminal Justice, Mental Health and Risk. Bristol: Policy Press.

In-text: (Home Office, 2015)

Your Bibliography: Home Office, 2015. Ending gang and youth violence programme. Crown copyright, www.gov.uk/government/publications.

In-text: (Home Office, 2018)

Your Bibliography: Home Office, 2018. Serious Violence Strategy. GOV.uk.

In-text: (Home Office, 2019)

Your Bibliography: Home Office, 2019. Stop and search. [online] Ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk. Available at: <https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/crime-justice-and-the-law/policing/stop-and-search/latest> [Accessed 2 May 2019].

In-text: (Horton, 2018)

Your Bibliography: Horton, H., 2018. Drill music gang bragged about moped stabbings on YouTube, court hears. Telegraph, [online] Available at: <https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/06/07/drill-music-gang-bragged-moped-stabbings-youtube-court-hears/> [Accessed 3 May 2019].

In-text: (Howarth, 2018)

Your Bibliography: Howarth, E., 2018. Why are certain groups of people over-represented in the criminal justice system?. Over-representation in criminal justice systems. [online] LSE Undergraduate Political Review. Available at: <https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lseupr/2018/01/25/overrepresentation-in-criminal-justice-systems/> [Accessed 2 May 2019].

In-text: (Hudson, 2018)

Your Bibliography: Hudson, B., 2018. Gender and race in making London’s Youth Violence epidemic. [Blog] Available at: <https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/4008-gender-and-race-in-making-london-s-youth-violence-epidemic> [Accessed 1 May 2019].

In-text: (Irwin-Rogers and Pinkney, 2017)

Your Bibliography: Irwin-Rogers, K. and Pinkney, C., 2017. Social Media as a Catalyst and Trigger of Youth Violence. [ebook] Catch 22. Available at: <https://cdn.catch-22.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Social-Media-as-a-Catalyst-and-Trigger-for-Youth-Violence.pdf> [Accessed 3 May 2019].

In-text: (Jackson-Jacobs and Katz, 2004)

Your Bibliography: Jackson-Jacobs, C. and Katz, J., 2004. The criminologists' gang. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell: The Blackwell companion to criminology, pp.94-124.

In-text: (Jewkes, 2004)

Your Bibliography: Jewkes, Y., 2004. Media & crime. 1st ed. London: SAGE publications Ltd.

In-text: (Jewkes, 2010)

Your Bibliography: Jewkes, Y., 2010. Media & crime. 2nd ed. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.

In-text: (Klein, Weerman and Thornberry, 2006)

Your Bibliography: Klein, M., Weerman, F. and Thornberry, T., 2006. Street Gang Violence in Europe. European Journal of Criminology, 3(4), pp.413-437.

In-text: (KROHN et al., 2011)

Your Bibliography: KROHN, M., WARD, J., THORNBERRY, T., LIZOTTE, A. and CHU, R., 2011. THE CASCADING EFFECTS OF ADOLESCENT GANG INVOLVEMENT ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE*. Criminology, 49(4), pp.991-1028.

In-text: (Lemons, 2018)

Your Bibliography: Lemons, J., 2018. Gang Violence. [online] CQ Researcher by CQ Press. Available at: <https://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre2018060100> [Accessed 18 April 2019].

In-text: (Lyddane, 2004)

Your Bibliography: Lyddane, D., 2004. Understanding gangs and gang mentality: acquiring evidence of the gang conspiracy. Gangs, 54(3), pp.1-8.

In-text: (Marshall, Webb and Tilley, 2005)

Your Bibliography: Marshall, B., Webb, B. and Tilley, N., 2005. Rationalisation of Current Research on Guns, Gangs and Other Weapons: Phase 1,. University College London.

In-text: (Meehan, 2000)

Your Bibliography: Meehan, A., 2000. The Organizational Career of Gang Statistics: The Politics of Policing Gangs. The Sociological Quarterly, 41(3), pp.337-370.

In-text: (MELDE and ESBENSEN, 2011)

Your Bibliography: MELDE, C. and ESBENSEN, F., 2011. GANG MEMBERSHIP AS A TURNING POINT IN THE LIFE COURSE*. Criminology, 49(2), pp.513-552.

In-text: (Merton, 1938)

Your Bibliography: Merton, R., 1938. Social Structure and Anomie. American Sociological Review, 3(5), p.672.

In-text: (Miller, 1982)

Your Bibliography: Miller, W., 1982. Crime by Youth Gangs and Groups. United States. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice.

In-text: (Moore, 2014)

Your Bibliography: Moore, S., 2014. Crime and the media.

In-text: (National Crime Agency, 2019)

Your Bibliography: National Crime Agency, 2019. County Lines - National Crime Agency. [online] Nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk. Available at: <https://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/what-we-do/crime-threats/drug-trafficking/county-lines> [Accessed 7 May 2019].

In-text: (National Youth Gang Survey Analysis, 2014)

Your Bibliography: Nationalgangcenter.gov. 2014. National Youth Gang Survey Analysis. [online] Available at: <https://www.nationalgangcenter.gov/Survey-Analysis> [Accessed 23 April 2019].

In-text: (government | Definition of government in English by Oxford Dictionaries, 2019)

Your Bibliography: Oxford Dictionaries | English. 2019. government | Definition of government in English by Oxford Dictionaries. [online] Available at: <https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/government> [Accessed 6 May 2019].

In-text: (Pinkney and Robinson-Edwards, 2018)

Your Bibliography: Pinkney, C. and Robinson-Edwards, S., 2018. Gangs, music and the mediatisation of crime: expressions, violations and validations. Safer Communities, 17(2), pp.103-118.

In-text: (Pitts, 2007)

Your Bibliography: Pitts, J., 2007. Reluctant Gangsters: Youth Gangs in Waltham Forest. (University of Bedfordshire).

In-text: (Prowse, 2013)

Your Bibliography: Prowse, C., 2013. Defining street gangs in the 21st Century. New York: Springer, p.3.

In-text: (Pyrooz and Densley, 2018)

Your Bibliography: Pyrooz, D. and Densley, J., 2018. On Public Protest, Violence, and Street Gangs. Society, 55(3), pp.229-236.

In-text: (Pyrooz and Sweeten, 2015)

Your Bibliography: Pyrooz, D. and Sweeten, G., 2015. Gang Membership Between Ages 5 and 17 Years in the United States. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(4), pp.414-419.

In-text: (Pyrooz, 2013)

Your Bibliography: Pyrooz, D., 2013. “From Your First Cigarette to Your Last Dyin’ Day”: The Patterning of Gang Membership in the Life-Course. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 30(2), pp.349-372.

In-text: (Pyrooz, 2013)

Your Bibliography: Pyrooz, D., 2013. Gangs, Criminal Offending, and an Inconvenient Truth. Criminology & Public Policy, 12(3), pp.427-436.

In-text: (PYROOZ, GARTNER and SMITH, 2017)

Your Bibliography: PYROOZ, D., GARTNER, N. and SMITH, M., 2017. CONSEQUENCES OF INCARCERATION FOR GANG MEMBERSHIP: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF SERIOUS OFFENDERS IN PHILADELPHIA AND PHOENIX*. Criminology, 55(2), pp.273-306.

In-text: (Robers, Zhang, Morgan and Musu-Gillette, 2015)

Your Bibliography: Robers, Zhang, Morgan and Musu-Gillette, 2015. Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2014. [online] Nces.ed.gov. Available at: <https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2015072> [Accessed 23 April 2019].

In-text: (Rohloff and Wright, 2010)

Your Bibliography: Rohloff, A. and Wright, S., 2010. Moral Panic and Social Theory. Current Sociology, 58(3), pp.403-419.

In-text: (Sánchez Jankowski, 1991)

Your Bibliography: Sánchez Jankowski, M., 1991. Islands in the street. Berkeley: University of California Press.

In-text: (Schell-Busey and Johnson, 2016)

Your Bibliography: Schell-Busey, N. and Johnson, J., 2016. Old message in a new bottle: taking gang rivalries online through rap battle music videos on YouTube. Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice & Criminology, 4(1), pp.42-81.

In-text: (Schneider and Tilley, 2004)

Your Bibliography: Schneider, J. and Tilley, N., 2004. Gangs. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

In-text: (Sharp, Aldridge and Medina, 2006)

Your Bibliography: Sharp, C., Aldridge, J. and Medina, J., 2006. Delinquent Youth Groups and Offending Behaviour: Findings from the 2004 Offending, Crime and Justice Survey. London: Crown Copyright: Home Office Online Report 14/06.

In-text: (Shelden, Tracy and Brown, 2013)

Your Bibliography: Shelden, R., Tracy, S. and Brown, W., 2013. Youth Gangs in American Society. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Publishing.

In-text: (Stelfox, 1998)

Your Bibliography: Stelfox, P., 1998. Policing Lower Levels of Organised Crime in England and Wales. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 37(4), pp.393-406.

In-text: (Storrod and Densley, 2016)

Your Bibliography: Storrod, M. and Densley, J., 2016. ‘Going viral’ and ‘Going country’: the expressive and instrumental activities of street gangs on social media. Journal of Youth Studies, 20(6), pp.677-696.

In-text: (Stubly, 2019)

Your Bibliography: Stubly, P., 2019. Jodie Chesney: Stabbing suspect ‘said nothing’ to 17-year-old before knifing her in back, say police. The Independent, [online] Available at: <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/jodie-chesney-murder-stabbing-park-suspects-harold-hill-knife-crime-suspect-description-a8805896.html> [Accessed 30 April 2019].

In-text: (Sullivan, 2005)

Your Bibliography: Sullivan, M., 2005. Maybe We Shouldn’t Study “Gangs”. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 21(2), pp.170-190.

In-text: (How the press ignored the Lawrence story – then used it to change, 2012)

Your Bibliography: The Independent. 2012. How the press ignored the Lawrence story – then used it to change. [online] Available at: <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/press/how-the-press-ignored-the-lawrence-story-then-used-it-to-change-britain-6284645.html> [Accessed 7 May 2019].

In-text: (The Sun, 2010)

Your Bibliography: The Sun, 2010. LA Gangs Take Over UK Streets. [online] Available at: <http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/2932813/London-gangs-are-aligningthemselves-to-LA-based-Bloods-and-Crips.html> [Accessed 29 April 2019].

In-text: (The Sun, 2019)

Your Bibliography: The Sun, 2019. ROMFORD STABBING Who is stabbing victim Jodie Chesney and who’s been arrested over her death?. The Sun, [online] Available at: <https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/8550101/jodie-chesney-stabbing-where-harold-hill-london/> [Accessed 30 April 2019].

In-text: (Tjepkema, 2019)

Your Bibliography: Tjepkema, L., 2019. 5 Big Social Media Predictions for 2019 | Emarsys. [online] Emarsys. Available at: <https://www.emarsys.com/en-uk/resources/blog/top-5-social-media-predictions-2019/> [Accessed 4 May 2019].

In-text: (Watkins and Taylor, 2016)

Your Bibliography: Watkins, A. and Taylor, T., 2016. The prevalence, predictors, and criminogenic effect of joining a gang among urban, suburban, and rural youth. Journal of Criminal Justice, 47, pp.133-142.

In-text: (Wtulich, Shaw and McKay, 1970)

Your Bibliography: Wtulich, J., Shaw, C. and McKay, H., 1970. Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas. American Sociological Review, 35(2), p.407.