Cognitivism theory - Math bibliographies - in Harvard style

Gardner (1993) opined that ‘‘each intelligence may require its own specific educational theory’’ (p. 48)

In-text: (Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles: Two Complementary Dimensions, 2020)

Your Bibliography: 2020. Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles: Two Complementary Dimensions. [ebook] Niagara University: STEPHEN J. DENIG, p.107. Available at: <https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.614.828&rep=rep1&type=pdf> [Accessed 20 November 2020].

"Cognitive theorists recognize that much learning involves associations established through contiguity and repetition. They also acknowledge the importance of reinforcement, although they stress its role in providing feedback about the correctness of responses over its role as a motivator. However, even while accepting such behavioristic concepts, cognitive theorists view learning as involving the acquisition or reorganization of the cognitive structures through which humans process and store information."

In-text: (Good, Biddle and Brophy, 1982)

Your Bibliography: Good, T., Biddle, B. and Brophy, J., 1982. Teachers make a difference. Washington, DC: University Press of America, p.187.

“we are all able to know the world through language, logical-mathematical analysis, spatial representation, musical thinking, the use of the body to solve problems or to make things, an understanding of other individuals and an understanding of ourselves. Where individuals differ is in the strength of these intelligences and the ways in which such intelligences are invoked and combined to carry out different tasks, solve diverse problems and progress in various domains.” Hani Morgan (2014) supports Gardner’s theory.

In-text: (HERNDON, 2020)

Your Bibliography: HERNDON, E., 2020. What Are Multiple Intelligences and How Do They Affect Learning? | Cornerstone University. [online] Cornerstone University. Available at: <https://www.cornerstone.edu/blog-post/what-are-multiple-intelligences-and-how-do-they-affect-learning/#:~:text=HOWARD%20GARDNER'S%20THEORY%20OF%20MULTIPLE%20INTELLIGENCE&text=According%20to%20Gardner%2C%20this%20theory,and%20understand%20in%20different%20ways.%E2%80%9D> [Accessed 20 November 2020].

The first is to specify the type of learning outcome; Gagné identified five major types (discussed later). The second is to determine the events of learning, or factors that make a difference in instruction

In-text: (Schunk, 1990)

Your Bibliography: Schunk, D., 1990. Learning theories. 6th ed. boston: Pearson Education, Inc, p.219.

In-text: (Schunk, 1990)

Your Bibliography: Schunk, D., 1990. Learning theories. 6th ed. boston: Pearson Education, Inc, p.220.

Intellectual skills include rules, procedures, and concepts. They are forms of procedural knowledge or productions. This type of knowledge is employed in speaking, writing, reading, solving mathematical problems, and applying scientific principles to problems. Verbal information, or declarative knowledge, is knowledge that something is the case. Verbal information involves facts or meaningfully connected prose recalled verbatim (e.g., words to a poem or the “Star Spangled Banner”). Schemas are forms of verbal information. Cognitive strategies are executive control processes. They include information processing skills such as attending to new information, deciding to rehearse information, elaborating, using LTM retrieval strategies, and applying problem-solving strategies

In-text: (Schunk, 1990)

Your Bibliography: Schunk, D., 1990. Learning theories. 6th ed. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc, p.220.

Learning tasks for intellectual skills can be organized in a hierarchy according to complexity: stimulus recognition, response generation, procedure following, use of terminology, discriminations, concept formation, rule application, and problem solving.

In-text: (1.2 Brief history of the major cognitive learning theorists and their contributions to Cognitivism - 2012IDE621 Di Sun, 2020)

Your Bibliography: Sites.google.com. 2020. 1.2 Brief history of the major cognitive learning theorists and their contributions to Cognitivism - 2012IDE621 Di Sun. [online] Available at: <https://sites.google.com/site/2012ide621disun/cognitivism/1-2-brief-history-of-the-major-behavioral-learning-theorists-and-their-contributions-to-cognitivism> [Accessed 19 November 2020].